01 Data engineering
The business finds the failure before the data team does
Stale, duplicated or invalid data breaks no job. It shows up at month-end close, in a board report or in an invoice that never goes out.
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Download as PDFProduct presentation · October 2026
Data quality, GDPR and the cost of data in one layer: read at the source, read-only, with the calculation behind every number in plain sight.
For the data team, for the DPO and for whoever pays the cloud bill.
BeryxTech · October 2026
1 · The problem
67%
do not fully trust the data they use to make decisions (55% in 2023)
Precisely and Drexel LeBow, Sep 2024 · 565+ professionals · vendor study
64%
name data quality as their top data integrity challenge (50% in 2023)
71%
worry that incorrect or hallucinated outputs reach decision-makers
dbt Labs, State of Analytics Engineering, Apr 2026 · 363 professionals · vendor study
60%
of AI projects without AI-ready data will be abandoned through 2026, according to Gartner's forecast
1 · The problem
01 Data engineering
Stale, duplicated or invalid data breaks no job. It shows up at month-end close, in a board report or in an invoice that never goes out.
02 GDPR and AI
The GDPR requires accurate, up-to-date data, answers to data subjects within a month and breach notification within 72 hours. Infringing the principles carries fines of up to €20M or 4% of worldwide annual turnover. The AI Act adds requirements on training data from December 2027.
03 Data FinOps
Tables nobody reads keep being loaded. One badly written query multiplies the day's cost and only shows up in the monthly bill. You pay compute to process data that fails its checks.
1 · Data engineering
Anatomy of a data incident Illustrative example · synthetic data
Six ways to fail without an error
Freshness
the table stopped receiving data
Volume
half the rows arrived
Schema
a column changed type or name
Duplicates
a retry wrote the same order twice
Validity
an 8-digit tax number, an IBAN with the wrong check digit
Integrity
orders without a customer after a delete without cascade
1 · What it costs
| Pillar | What to count | How to estimate | What BeryX measures |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data engineering | Data incidents a month, hours of investigation and days to detection | Incidents × hours × hourly cost, plus days to detection × value at risk per day (invoices not yet issued, for example) | History of issues and incidents with dates, and estimated impact in euros per issue, labelled as a heuristic |
| GDPR | Data subject requests a month and datasets with personal data but no owner or no rules | Requests × hours per request; maximum exposure of €20M or 4% of worldwide turnover | Personal data map with the rule coverage of each column |
| Data FinOps | Tables unread for 90 days, compute spent on data that fails its checks, and daily spikes | Monthly cost of those tables, plus the compute attributed to datasets with open issues | Cost read from the platform's system views, per day (per dataset on BigQuery, per account on Snowflake and Databricks), cost spikes and real usage per table |
1 · GDPR and AI
| Obligation | What it requires | Deadline or limit | What it demands of the data |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy · GDPR, Art. 5(1)(d) | Personal data accurate and kept up to date; inaccurate data erased or rectified without delay | Fine of up to €20M or 4% of worldwide turnover (Art. 83(5)) | Knowing which personal data is wrong, where and since when |
| Data subject rights · Art. 12(3) | Answer requests for access, rectification or erasure | One month, extendable by two more | Knowing which systems hold each person's data |
| Personal data breach · Art. 33(1) | Notify the supervisory authority (in Portugal, the CNPD) | 72 hours, where feasible | Knowing which data and which data subjects were affected |
| Impact assessment · Art. 35 | Assess before high-risk processing | Before the processing starts | An inventory of data categories and data flows |
| Data for high-risk AI · AI Act, Art. 10(3) | Training, validation and testing data that is relevant, representative and, to the best extent possible, free of errors and complete | From 2 December 2027 (Annex III) | Measuring errors and completeness in the data sets |
1 · Real cases in Portugal
€4.3M
December 2022
2021 Census. Five infringements: health and religion data processed without a clear lawful basis, insufficient information to respondents, a US processor chosen without due diligence, international transfers without supplementary measures and no impact assessment.
Status INE announced it would challenge the decision in court.
€1.25M
January 2022
Data of protest organisers sent to embassies and to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: 225 infringements.
Status The courts upheld the infringement. With part of the infringements time-barred, the amount fell to €738k at the Central Administrative Court South (August 2025), in a decision that can still be appealed.
€400k
2018
The first GDPR fine in Portugal: 985 accounts with a doctor profile for 296 doctors, and improper access to clinical records.
Status It became a single fine of €380k. In July 2020, the CNPD agreed to waive it, citing the pandemic and the hospital's finances.
1 · Real cases in Portugal
472
personal data breach cases in 2025, 42% more than in 2024 (357 in private bodies, 115 in public ones)
88
infringement proceedings opened in 2025 which, in the CNPD's words, could have led to 90 fines instead of 2
1 · Data FinOps
84%
say managing cloud spend is the top cloud challenge for organisations today
Flexera, State of the Cloud 2025 · 750+ professionals · vendor study
1 · The problem
1 · Why now
2 · The thesis
Your sources stay where they are
BeryX · read-only
Data engineering
incidents with lineage, SLOs, rules as code
DPO and legal
personal data map, sensitivity, evidence
FinOps and leadership
cost and quality side by side, real usage, reports per role
2 · The thesis
Every step is recorded: who decided, when and on what evidence.
2 · The thesis
Owner and domain
who answers for it and which area it belongs to
Exists todaySensitivity per column
public, internal, confidential or personal data, with author and date
Exists todayRules and contract
active rules and a versioned ODCS contract
Exists todayScore and SLO
five dimensions, trend and service objective
Exists todayReal usage
queries per day: hot, active, cold or unused
Exists todayCost
attributed compute, when the platform reports it
Exists todayIncidents and lineage
what failed, upstream and downstream
Exists todayAudit
every change, written in the same transaction
Exists today3 · The cycle · step 1 of 7
Input
A read-only credential for a database, a warehouse, files or an application.
What BeryX does
Tests the connection, discovers schemas and tables and imports the metadata. The credential is encrypted before it is stored and the address is checked against SSRF before the first request.
Exists todayWho decides
The workspace administrator chooses the source, the scope and how often scans run.
Governance and evidence
Read-only enforced in code: the HTTP client refuses writes before they leave, and Postgres sessions open in read-only mode. In tests, real SQL Server, Oracle and MongoDB servers refused writes.
Exists todayOutput
A catalogue of datasets with schema, schedule and encrypted credential.
Exists todayConnects to
PostgreSQLSQL ServerOracleBigQuerySnowflakeDatabricksS3SAPSalesforceDynamics 365
Handed to the next step
The list of datasets and columns goes on to profiling.
Value
No write credentials, no software installed on the sources and no copied tables.
Exists today3 · The cycle · step 2 of 7
Input
The connected datasets.
What BeryX does
Column profiling with aggregates computed at the source: nulls, distinct values, patterns and distributions. Recognises tax numbers, IBANs, emails and postcodes, builds the personal data map, classifies sensitivity on four levels and estimates re-identification risk (k-anonymity). On platforms with telemetry, it measures the real usage of each table.
Exists todayWho decides
The DPO confirms or corrects the sensitivity of each column. A scan never overrides a manual decision.
Governance and evidence
Every number says whether it is exact, estimated or sampled, with a 95% confidence interval. Every classification change is recorded with author and date.
Exists todayOutput
Profile, score per dimension, personal data map, sensitivity per column and usage.
Exists todayConnects to
Semantic typesPII mapk-anonymityBigQuerySnowflake
Handed to the next step
The profile feeds the suggested rules.
Value
The DPO sees where personal data lives, read from the sources themselves, without relying on a manual inventory.
Exists today3 · The cycle · step 3 of 7
Input
The profile, the suggestions and the tests the team already has.
What BeryX does
Sixteen rule types: formats with check digits (tax numbers, IBANs, cards), uniqueness, ranges, reference lists, referential integrity, freshness, volume and custom read-only SQL. Accuracy against external sources, opt-in: VIES, GeoAPI.pt, numbering plans and MX records. Imports dbt tests, Great Expectations, SodaCL and ODCS contracts.
Exists todayWho decides
The profile and AI propose; a person accepts each rule.
Governance and evidence
Customer SQL goes through a guard: a single SELECT, in a transaction that is always rolled back. Configuration also lives as code, in a versioned datavault.yaml.
Exists todayOutput
Active rules per dataset and a versioned contract; export to dbt, with SodaCL and Great Expectations still to be switched on.
PartialConnects to
dbtGreat ExpectationsSodaCLODCSVIESGeoAPI.pt
Handed to the next step
Accepted rules run on every scan and feed the monitors.
Value
Rules stop living in one person's scripts.
Exists today3 · The cycle · step 4 of 7
Input
Rules, profile history and cost and usage telemetry.
What BeryX does
Automatic freshness, volume and schema monitors, up to 500 per connection on every scan. Anomalies with a modified z-score and false-discovery control (Benjamini-Hochberg), distribution drift, an SLO per dataset and daily cost spikes, with the day's most expensive queries on BigQuery.
Exists todayWho decides
The dataset owner sets the SLO and the severity. A false positive marked «ignored» silences the series.
Governance and evidence
Published methods, tested against the code. No quality, anomaly or cost figure comes from an LLM.
Exists todayOutput
Alerts in the app, by email, in Slack, in Teams and by webhook, with on-call escalation.
Exists todayConnects to
SlackTeamsEmailSigned webhooks
Handed to the next step
An alert opens or updates an issue, which can join an incident.
Value
The failure reaches the data team first, not the month-end close.
Exists today3 · The cycle · step 5 of 7
Input
An alert or an open issue.
What BeryX does
Groups issues into incidents through lineage (foreign keys, view SQL, dbt manifest, OpenLineage) and shows the downstream impact. AI proposes the likely cause from metadata and limited samples. Response deadlines by severity, with escalation.
Exists todayWho decides
The domain owner accepts, assigns and closes the incident.
Governance and evidence
Audit trail written in the same transaction as the change and exportable to the SIEM: Splunk, Sentinel or Google SecOps.
Exists todayOutput
An incident with lineage, impact, owner, deadline and history, and a ticket in Jira, Linear, ServiceNow, Azure DevOps, GitHub or GitLab.
Exists todayConnects to
JiraLinearServiceNowAzure DevOpsGitHubGitLabOpenLineage
Handed to the next step
The likely cause and the impact go on to the proposed fix.
Value
Knowing which reports and models were affected before anyone asks.
Exists today3 · The cycle · step 6 of 7
Input
An incident with a likely cause.
What BeryX does
Proposes the fix in SQL, in the source's dialect, or in PySpark, and rehearses it on a sample before it is accepted. From the Business plan, the approved fix opens a pull request in the customer's GitHub or GitLab. Standardisation and deduplication also come out as proposals.
Exists todayWho decides
A person approves and the customer applies it through their own CI. BeryX never writes to the sources.
Governance and evidence
A proposed, accepted, applied and verified flow: the next scan confirms whether the issue is gone.
Exists todayOutput
A pull request or approved SQL, linked to the dataset and the ticket.
Exists todayConnects to
GitHubGitLabSQLPySparkdbt
Handed to the next step
The next scan's verification closes the loop and goes into the history.
Value
The fix is reviewed and versioned like any other code.
Exists today3 · The cycle · step 7 of 7
Input
The history of scans, incidents and decisions.
What BeryX does
Reports per role (engineering, management, leadership) with estimated impact in euros, as PDF and on a schedule; a CDO panel with targets and traffic lights; the AI Act Art. 10 dossier (Business); feeds for Power BI; audit export; a public badge per data product.
Exists todayWho decides
Leadership reads; the DPO and internal audit use the evidence.
Governance and evidence
The impact in euros is a declared heuristic that tends to underestimate. Every number says how it was calculated.
Exists todayOutput
Reports, dossiers and exports with date and source.
Exists todayConnects to
Power BITableauLookerPDFCSV
Handed to the next step
What is learned flows back to the rules and thresholds of step 3.
Value
Answering an auditor or the regulator with history, not with a hurried reconstruction.
Exists today3 · One story, end to end
A demonstration with BeryX's «Loja online» pack: synthetic data from a Portuguese online shop, with eight planted issues. Illustrative example · synthetic data
4 · Inside
People and tools
Web appSlack and TeamsPower BI, Tableau and LookerAI agents over MCPVersioned public API
BeryX · Google Cloud, europe-west1
APIAsynchronous workers for scans and reports, with queues and a DLQPostgres holding the metadata, never the tablesAI facade with a per-task routerMCP server with 21 read-only tools
Your sources
Read-only connections through each vendor's official methods
What leaves the sources: aggregates, up to 20 example values per column and, for row rules, a sample of up to 5,000 rows per table.
4 · Inside · AI
To be switched on By default, limited samples go to Anthropic, in the US, under standard contractual clauses. The anonymiser (Presidio) is built but not yet in the production image.
4 · Inside · GDPR
4 · Inside · FinOps
Partial Cost telemetry is built and tested, but not yet proven on a real BigQuery, Snowflake or Databricks account. It measures compute cost, not how efficient the data format is.
4 · Inside · Security
4 · Inside · Ecosystem
Databases 6
PostgreSQLMySQL and MariaDBSQL Server, Azure SQL and SynapseOracleMongoDBSQLite
Warehouses 4
BigQuerySnowflakeDatabricksMicrosoft Fabric*
Files and object storage 6
CSVGoogle Sheets*Google Cloud StorageAmazon S3Azure Blob and ADLS Gen2SFTP
Business applications 5
SalesforceSAP S/4HANA and SAP GatewayOData v2 and v4Dynamics 365REST and JSON
Documents 4
ConfluenceJiraSharePoint*Google Drive*
Streaming 2
Kafka*Pub/Sub*
Collaboration 2
SlackTeams*
* Code done; the driver is not yet in the SaaS image.
4 · Inside · Methods
Three kinds of number
exact, estimated or sampled, marked in the app
Exists todayConfidence intervals
at 95%, Wilson with finite population correction; Fisher's z for correlations
Exists todayScore with fixed weights
completeness 25%, uniqueness 25%, validity 20%, timeliness 15% and consistency 15%
Exists todayAnomalies
modified z-score (median and MAD) with Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery control
Exists todayImpact in euros
a declared heuristic, always estimated, that tends to underestimate
Exists todayPublic methods
the document is published, and a test fails if a documented constant changes in the code
Exists today5 · Who it is for
Connects sources, manages the team, the alert channels and the AI policy.
Exists todayRole guide →
Works on issues, rules, suggestions and incidents.
Exists todayRole guide →
Reads scores, reports and the catalogue without changing anything. Cannot yet be assigned on the Team page.
PartialRole guide →
Decides on the datasets, incidents and rules of their domain.
Exists todayRole guide →
Governance of every workspace: SSO, IP allowlist, data policy and chargeback.
Exists todayRole guide →
Plan, invoices and the cost report per team.
Exists todayRole guide →
5 · Who it is for
| Function | Today | With BeryX |
|---|---|---|
| Data engineering | Finds failures through the business; tests scattered across repositories | Automatic monitors, incidents with lineage, versioned rules and a CI gate |
| DPO and legal | A manual inventory, reviewed once a year | A personal data map on every scan, sensitivity with an author and exportable evidence |
| FinOps and finance | The bill at the end of the month, with no link to quality | Daily cost per dataset or per account, cost spikes with the most expensive queries, and unused tables |
| Leadership and CDO | Reports with no source and no trend | A panel with targets and traffic lights, and reports per role |
| AI teams | Training data nobody measures | Readiness per purpose, the Art. 10 dossier and synthetic data with a privacy assessment |
6 · Value
Cost Public price on UK G-Cloud: £74,999 to £122,919 a year, plus implementation
UK G-Cloud — Collibra Data Quality (service 136629392504870) · UK G-Cloud — Informatica IDMC (service 727452156234281) · Collibra — Trust Center
Cost Licence 0; Soda Team at $750 a month, plus compute and engineering hours
Great Expectations — plans and pricing · Soda — plans and pricing
Cost Annual contracts; Sifflet at about $48k a year on its published price
Monte Carlo — docs: security and compliance overview · Monte Carlo — Trust Center · Sifflet — plans and pricing
Cost Free · from €490/month
6 · Value
6 · Value
| Metric | How BeryX measures it | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Quality score per dataset and per domain, with trend | Five dimensions with fixed weights, on every scan | Exists today |
| SLO compliance per dataset | A service objective per dataset and its compliance history | Exists today |
| Open and resolved issues by severity | Issues and incidents with dates, owner and response deadline | Exists today |
| Columns with personal data but no rules or no owner | The personal data map crossed with rules and owners | Exists today |
| Deadline of each data subject request | A request register with the jurisdiction's deadline | To be switched on |
| Compute spent on data that fails its checks | The platform's cost telemetry crossed with the score | Exists today |
| Tables unused for 90 days | Query counts per table from the system views | Exists today |
| AI cost per report and per team | Cost per call, per task and chargeback per team | Exists today |
6 · Value
6 · Value
€0/month
€490/month
€1,190/month
On request
7 · Next step
01
A free account with one source and the one-click demo, with four synthetic data packs: Loja online, ERP, Neobanco and Hospital.
Create a free account →02
Thirty minutes to fill in the cost table with your numbers and see the demo on your case.
Talk to us →03
One data domain, the metrics from the previous slide measured at the start and at the end, and a decision made with numbers.
Propose a pilot →BeryX, a BeryxTech product.
beryx.lbostuff.tech/en/apresentacao
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